As COVID-19 cases surge, fueled by the highly transmissible omicron variant of the coronavirus, Americans wonder how to approach the holidays and safely travel and gather with friends and family.
The pace of new cases in the USA is up 41% compared with a month ago, according to a USA TODAY analysis of Johns Hopkins data. For much of December, cases hovered around 120,000 but have jumped to more than 130,000 a day.
As of Saturday, the omicron variant accounted for 73.2% of new COVID-19 infections in the nation, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported. The week ending Dec. 11, it accounted for 12.6% of new cases.
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Health experts said COVID-19 vaccines are less effective against the new strain, which may lead to more breakthrough infections. Boosters provide more protection against omicron, but the CDC reported only 30% of the eligible population has received their booster.
Can you safely gather with family for the holidays?
Though the easy answer is to stay home, it’s important to recognize how challenging the past year has been on families and the need to see loved ones around the holidays, said Akhil Bindra, a pulmonologist at the Cleveland Clinic.
“Being conscientious of that, there is a safe way to do it, but there’s always some risk,” Bindra said.
The best way to protect loved ones from severe disease is to get vaccinated and boosted, he said. Getting tested for the virus before you gather inside is a good idea, even if you don’t have symptoms, he said.
Wearing a mask indoors will add another layer of protection, he said, acknowledging it may not be realistic to expect of all families.
Tuesday, presidential health adviser Anthony Fauci said vaccinated Americans don’t need to cancel their plans. “If you don’t have the availability of the test and you are fully vaccinated and boosted, you should feel comfortable having a holiday meal or gathering with family members who are also vaccinated and boosted,” he said on NBC’s “Today.”
What do you do if you have a close contact to COVID-19?
The CDC defines close contact as being within 6 feet of someone with COVID-19 for a cumulative total of 15 minutes or more over a 24-hour period.
The agency urges unvaccinated people quarantine if they’ve had close contact with someone with COVID-19, which entails:
- Staying home for 14 days after your last contact with the infected person.
- Watching for symptoms such as a fever of 100.4 degrees, cough or shortness of breath.
- Staying away from people you live with, if possible, especially those who are at higher risk for severe disease.
The CDC recommends consulting your local health department’s website for more information on quarantine. In some states, unvaccinated individuals can shorten their quarantine to 10 days without testing if they don’t develop symptoms or seven days upon receiving a negative test result.
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People who are fully vaccinated do NOT need to quarantine after contact with someone who had COVID-19 unless they develop symptoms, the CDC said. They should still get tested five to seven days after their exposure and wear a mask in indoor public settings for 14 days after exposure or until they get a negative test result.
When do you become contagious with COVID-19?
A person infected with COVID-19 may be contagious 48 hours before symptoms start, health experts said. Early studies have shown people may be most likely to unknowingly spread the virus to others during that initial two-day period.
How soon after contact with infected person should you get tested?
The CDC recommends people get tested five to seven days after exposure and wear a mask in indoor public settings for 14 days after exposure or until they get a negative test result.
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What should you do if you’re vaccinated, test positive and feel sick?
Regardless of vaccination status, health experts said, Americans should not travel to see family or friends if they’ve tested positive for the coronavirus. Unfortunately, that may mean canceling holiday plans.
According to the CDC, people who test positive for the coronavirus and experience symptoms should:
- Monitor their symptoms. If you’re having trouble breathing, persistent pain, pressure in the chest or confusion, seek emergency medical care immediately.
- Stay in a room separate from other household members, if possible.
- Use a separate bathroom, if possible.
- Avoid contact with other members of the household and pets.
- Don’t share personal household items.
- Wear a mask when around other people.
The CDC said a person infected with COVID-19 should isolate from people for 10 full days, counting Day 1 as the first full day after symptoms developed. After isolation, health experts said, it’s not always necessary to retest.
“A positive test doesn’t necessarily mean you have to wait another 10 days because we know that these tests can stay positive for a while,” said Purvi Parikh, an allergist and immunologist with the Allergy and Asthma Network, a nonprofit for allergy, asthma and immune conditions. “After 10 days, it’s very unlikely you’ll be contagious.”
She recommended rest, hydrating with lots of fluids and over-the-counter pain medication to alleviate symptoms during the isolation period.
What if you’re vaccinated and asymptomatic and test positive?
Even if you’re asymptomatic, health experts said, it’s important to isolate after testing positive for the coronavirus.
If you test positive for the coronavirus and never develop symptoms, the CDC said, Day 0 is the day of your positive viral test and Day 1 is the first full day after your positive test.
If you develop symptoms before the 10-day isolation period is over, the agency said, your period must start over with Day 0 being the first day of symptoms and Day 1 the first full day after symptoms develop.
Even if symptoms never develop, the CDC recommended following the same rules of isolation as someone who does have symptoms, including avoiding contact with other household members, using separate facilities, not sharing personal items and wearing a mask.
